纳瓦霍密码员：二战纪实

BF1942

Navajo Code Talkers: World War II Fact Sheet

纳瓦霍密码员：二战纪实

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Research by Alexander Molnar Jr., U.S. Marine Corps/U.S. Army (Ret.)

由美国海军及海军陆战队军方记者Alexander Molnar撰写

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Prepared by the Navy & Marine Corps WWII Commemorative Committee

美国海军及海军陆战队二战纪念委员会协助


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Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Peleliu, Iwo Jima: the Navajo code talkers took part in every assault the U.S. Marines conducted in the Pacific from 1942 to 1945. They served in all six Marine divisions, Marine Raider battalions and Marine parachute units, transmitting messages by telephone and radio in their native language -- a code that the Japanese never broke.

从瓜达卡纳尔群岛，塔瓦拉岛，贝里流岛到硫磺岛，那些操着一口纳瓦霍语的美国土著人参与了1942年到1945年间太平洋舰队发起的所有进攻行动。在美军的所有舰队、海军陆战队和空降单位里都有纳瓦霍人活跃的身影，他们用自己部落古老的土著语言为美军无线电通讯进行加密，这是一种日本人到战争结束也不曾破译的语言。

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The idea to use Navajo for secure communications came from Philip Johnston, the son of a missionary to the Navajos and one of the few non-Navajos who spoke their language fluently. Johnston, reared on the Navajo reservation, was a World War I veteran who knew of the military's search for a code that would withstand all attempts to decipher it. He also knew that Native American languages--notably Choctaw--had been used in World War I to encode messages.

用纳瓦霍土著语保证通讯安全的主意出自菲利普。约翰斯顿。他是一个到纳瓦霍地区进行传教的传教士的儿子，也是为数不多的能流利地使用纳瓦霍语的非纳瓦霍人。约翰斯顿从小在纳瓦霍保留地长大，由于它是一个参加过一次世界大战的老兵，他得以获悉美国军方正在寻求一种能抵御各种破译尝试的加密手段。并且他也知道，另一种美国土著语言—巧克陶语在第一次世界大战中就被用来对军用情报进行编码。

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Johnston believed Navajo answered the military requirement for an undecipherable code because Navajo is an unwritten language of extreme complexity. Its syntax and tonal qualities, not to mention dialects, make it unintelligible to anyone without extensive exposure and training. It has no alphabet or symbols, and is spoken only on the Navajo lands of the American Southwest. One estimate indicates that less than 30 non-Navajos, none of them Japanese, could understand the language at the outbreak of World War II.
Early in 1942, Johnston met with Major General Clayton B. Vogel, the commanding general of Amphibious Corps, Pacific Fleet, and his staff to convince them of the Navajo language's value as code. Johnston staged tests under simulated combat conditions, demonstrating that Navajos could encode, transmit, and decode a three-line English message in 20 seconds. Machines of the time required 30 minutes to perform the same job. Convinced, Vogel recommended to the Commandant of the Marine Corps that the Marines recruit 200 Navajos.

因为纳瓦霍语本身是一种没有文字而又极为复杂的语言，约翰斯顿认为纳瓦霍语完全可以满足军方对于通讯信息安全性的要求。纳瓦霍语的语法和发音极为怪异，对没有受过相关训练的人来说它根本是让人无所适从的。纳瓦霍语没有字母表或者任何符号表示，只有美国西南部的纳瓦霍地区才有人说这种土著语。调查显示在二战爆发时，世界上仅有不到30个非纳瓦霍人会说这种语言，而其中没有一个是日本人。1942年年初，约翰斯顿晋见美国太平洋舰队两栖作战部队的指挥官Clayton B. Vogel准将和他的幕僚。他此行的目的是使这位准将认识到纳瓦霍语在通讯加密方面的重要作用。约翰斯顿在实战条件下进行了他的操作演示，证明了纳瓦霍语可以在20秒内完成将一条3行长的信息加密、传输、加密的全过程，而当时的其他装置则需要30分钟才能完成同样的过程。Vogel准将对纳瓦霍语的应用前景信心十足，并向美国海军陆战队司令建议招募200名纳瓦霍土著新兵。

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In May 1942, the first 29 Navajo recruits attended boot camp. Then, at Camp Pendleton, Oceanside, California, this first group created the Navajo code. They developed a dictionary and numerous words for military terms. The dictionary and all code words had to be memorized during training.

1942年5月，首批29名纳瓦霍族新兵来到了海军新兵训练营。随即，这批人来到了加利福尼亚海滨的Pendleton营地进行创建纳瓦霍密码的工作。他们建立了一本对应着大量军用术语的“纳瓦霍字典”。在训练过程中，他们被要求记住整本字典和它对应的英语词汇。

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Once a Navajo code talker completed his training, he was sent to a Marine unit deployed in the Pacific theater. The code talkers' primary job was to talk, transmitting information on tactics and troop movements, orders and other vital battlefield communications over telephones and radios. They also acted as messengers, and performed general Marine duties.

一俟第一组纳瓦霍族人完成他们的训练，他们就被派遣到在Pacific theater计划里工作的一个海军工作组里。他们的任务是在电话和电报里将那些关于战术、军队部署、军事命令和其他重要的战场通讯情报用纳瓦霍语加密后传递出去。他们有时也充当传令兵，甚至参加战斗。

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Praise for their skill, speed and accuracy accrued throughout the war. At Iwo Jima, Major Howard Connor, 5th Marine Division signal officer, declared, "Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima." Connor had six Navajo code talkers working around the clock during the first two days of the battle. Those six sent and received over 800 messages, all without error.

对于纳瓦霍族通信兵熟练、快速、准确工作的赞扬贯穿于整个二战。在硫磺岛，美国海军陆战队第五师的情报官员Howard Connor申称，“如果没有使用纳瓦霍语，海军陆战队永远无法攻克硫磺岛。” Connor手下有8名纳瓦霍族通信兵，他们六个人在登岛的前两天里保持24小时不间断的工作，总共收发了超过800条信息且无一出错。

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The Japanese, who were skilled code breakers, remained baffled by the Navajo language. The Japanese chief of intelligence, Lieutenant General Seizo Arisue, said that while they were able to decipher the codes used by the U.S. Army and Army Air Corps, they never cracked the code used by the Marines. The Navajo code talkers even stymied a Navajo soldier taken prisoner at Bataan. (About 20 Navajos served in the U.S. Army in the Philippines.) The Navajo soldier, forced to listen to the jumbled words of talker transmissions, said to a code talker after the war, "I never figured out what you guys who got me into all that trouble ."

日本的情报人员中也不乏颇以密码专家，但他们对纳瓦霍语始终一筹莫展。日本情报部门头子-- Seizo Arisue中将称，他们虽然成功破译了美国陆军和空军的密码，但是始终无法破译美国海军的纳瓦霍密码。这些纳瓦霍通信兵为了保证纳瓦霍密码的安全不惜试图杀死在巴丹半岛战斗中被俘的另一名纳瓦霍族通讯兵，当时在菲律宾有20名纳瓦霍族通信兵在军中服役。这名通讯兵被日军逼迫为日军破译看似杂乱无章纳瓦霍语密码，但战后他与战友重逢时说：“尽管你们那样对我，我始终没有出卖你们和美国。”

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In 1942, there were about 50,000 Navajo tribe members. As of 1945, about 540 Navajos served as Marines. From 375 to 420 of those trained as code talkers; the rest served in other capacities.

1942年时，所有纳瓦霍部落只有50000名土著居民，到1945年，其中的540人在海军中服役，其中375人到420人进培训成为了通信兵，另外的人则在其他部门效力。

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Navajo remained potentially valuable as code even after the war. For that reason, the code talkers, whose skill and courage saved both American lives and military engagements, only recently earned recognition from the Government and the public.

战后，纳瓦霍语在加密方面仍有利用价值。因此，那些以自己的技巧和勇气拯救了美国和美国军队的纳瓦霍通讯兵直到最近才得到了政府和公众的赞誉。


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The Navajo Code Talker's Dictionary

纳瓦霍密码本

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When a Navajo code talker received a message, what he heard was a string of seemingly unrelated Navajo words. The code talker first had to translate each Navajo word into its English equivalent. Then he used only the first letter of the English equivalent in spelling an English word. Thus, the Navajo words "wol-la-chee" (ant), "be-la-sana" (apple) and "tse-nill" (axe) all stood for the letter "a." One way to say the word "Navy" in Navajo code would be "tsah (needle) wol-la-chee (ant) ah-keh-di- glini (victor) tsah-ah-dzoh (yucca)." Most letters had more than one Navajo word representing them. Not all words had to be spelled out letter by letter. The developers of the original code assigned Navajo words to represent about 450 frequently used military terms that did not exist in the Navajo language. Several examples: "besh- lo" (iron fish) meant "submarine," "dah-he- tih-hi" (hummingbird) meant "fighter plane" and "debeh-li-zine" (black street) meant "squad."

当一名纳瓦霍通信兵收到一条由杂乱无章的纳瓦霍词汇组成消息，他首先要将这些纳瓦霍词汇翻译成同样意思的英语词汇，然后，他从这些词汇里挑出每个词的首字母，并以这些首字母组成另一个英语词汇。这样，纳瓦霍语的"wol-la-chee" (蚂蚁), "be-la-sana" (苹果) and "tse-nill" (斧子)都代表英语字母A（因为对应的英语词汇的首字母是A）。英语中“NAVY”的某一个纳瓦霍密码表示就是“tsah (针) wol-la-chee (蚂蚁) ah-keh-di- glini (赢家) tsah-ah-dzoh (丝兰).”一个英语字母和纳瓦霍语词汇间都是一对多的对应关系。但并不是每个词都需要这样逐个字母的翻译。因为纳瓦霍词汇中并不存在军事术语，纳瓦霍密码的发明者在建立这套密码时，将450个常用的军事术语和原始的纳瓦霍词汇对应起来。例如，"besh- lo" (铁鱼)意为"潜艇," "dah-he- tih-hi" (蜂鸟)意为 "战斗机" and "debeh-li-zine" (black street) 意为“步兵班”。


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Department of Defense Honors Navajo Veterans

国防部表彰二战纳瓦霍族通信兵

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Long unrecognized because of the continued value of their language as a security classified code, the Navajo code talkers of World War II were honored for their contributions to defense on Sept. 17, 1992, at the Pentagon, Washington, D.C.

因为纳瓦霍语战后在密码方面仍有实用，这些纳瓦霍族通讯老兵长久以来不为人们所知。在1992年9月17日这些二战纳瓦霍族通信兵在华盛顿五角大楼受到了国防部的表彰。

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Thirty-five code talkers, all veterans of the U.S. Marine Corps, attended the dedication of the Navajo code talker exhibit. The exhibit includes a display of photographs, equipment and the original code, along with an explanation of how the code worked.

35名二战纳瓦霍族通信兵参加了这次表彰大会。表彰会展示了相关的图片资料、它们使用的通信装备和原始密码本。并且对密码的使用作出了专门的介绍。

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Dedication ceremonies included speeches by the then-Deputy Secretary of Defense Donald Atwood, U.S. Senator John McCain of Arizona and Navajo President Peterson Zah. The Navajo veterans and their families traveled to the ceremony from their homes on the Navajo Reservation, which includes parts of Arizona, New Mexico and Utah.

二战时在职的国防部秘书Donald Atwood和亚利桑那州参议员John McCain及纳瓦霍族首领Peterson Zah在表彰大会上作了发言，这些二战老兵们从位于亚利桑那州、新墨西哥州和尤他州的纳瓦霍族自治地出发参加了这次大会。




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Navajo Code Talkers

纳瓦霍密码

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by
W/T Sgt. Murrey Marder
Marine Corps Combat Correspondent
Reprinted by permission of The Marine Corps Gazette

由海军陆战队随军记者Murrey Marder发表，经陆战队军报批准再版

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Through the Solomons, in the Marianas, at Peleliu, Iwo Jima, and almost every island where Marines have stormed ashore in this war, the Japanese have heard a strange language gurgling through the earphones of their radio listening sets--a voice code which defies decoding.

从所罗门群岛战役，到马里亚纳群岛之战，从贝利流岛到硫磺岛，每次美国海军陆战队向某个岛屿发起进攻，驻扎在那里的日本军队都能从他们的电台耳机里听到一种连绵不断的奇怪语言—一种被日军称作“无法破译的密码”的语言密码。

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To the linguistically keen ear it shows a trace of Asiatic origin, and a lot of what sounds like American double-talk. This strange tongue, one of the most select in the world, is Navajo, embellished with improvised words and phrases for military use. For three years it has served the Marine Corps well for transmitting secret radio and telephone messages in combat.

据语言专家分析，这种语言最初可能传自亚洲，听起来有点像美洲土著的怪叫。这种发音怪异的口语叫做纳瓦霍语，是经过美国军方精心挑选的，并且被临时地和那些军事术语对应起来。在太平洋战争的那3年时间里，它被海军陆战队用于在战斗中通过无线电话传递机密情报，并且受到了很好的效果。

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The dark-skinned, black-haired Navajo code talker, huddled over a portable radio or field phone in a regimental, divisional or corps command post, translating a message into Navajo as he reads it to his counterpart on the receiving end miles away, has been a familiar sight in the Pacific battle zone. Permission to disclose the work of these American Indians in marine uniform has just been granted by the Marine Corps.

那些黄皮肤、黑头发的纳瓦霍族通信兵手提便携式电台和步话机随同团、师、军级指挥部行动，将指挥部的命令对照着他手头的“纳瓦霍字典”翻译成纳瓦霍语并传递到数英里以外的接收方；这已经成为可太平洋战场上司空见惯的场景。但直到最近海军陆战队才准许披露这些北美印第安人在二战中服役的情况。

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Transmitting messages which the enemy cannot decode is a vital military factor in any engagement, especially where combat units are operating over a wide area in which communications must be maintained by radio. Throughout the history of warfare, military leaders have sought the perfect code--a code which the enemy could not break down, no matter how able his intelligence staff.

保证密码通讯的安全对于任何一场战争都是至关重要的，特别是像太平洋战争这样一场战线极为漫长并且必须通过无线电通讯来传递消息的战争。纵观整个战争史，各位军事统帅无一不渴望获得这么一种无论对方情报人员再怎么高明都牢不可破的密码。

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Most codes are based on the codist's native language. If the language is a widely-used one, it also will be familiar to the enemy and no matter how good your code may be the enemy eventually can master it. Navajo, however, is one of the world's "hidden" languages; it is termed "hidden," along with other Indian languages, as no alphabet or other symbols of it exist in the original form. There are only about 55,000 Navajos, all concentrated in one region, living on Government reservations and intensely clannish by nature, which has confined the tongue to its native area.

绝大多数密码都是基于发明者的母语开发出来的。如果那是一种被广泛使用的语言，那么敌方也会十分熟悉这种语言并且无论它设计得多么精良最终都有可能被破译。然而纳瓦霍语几乎是一种在世界上无人知晓的语言，最初的时候，他甚至没有任何的字母或符号表示。纳瓦霍族人口仅仅55000人左右，并且全部生活在位于美国境内的纳瓦霍族保留地的原始部族里。这就使得纳瓦霍语始终不为外部世界所知。

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Except for the Navajos themselves, only a handful of Americans speak the language. At the time the Marine Corps adopted Navajo as a voice code it was estimated that not more than 28 other persons, American scientists or missionaries who lived among the Navajos and studied the language for years, could speak Navajo fluently. In recent years, missionaries and the Interior Department's Bureau of Indian Affairs have worked on the compilation of dictionaries and grammars of the language, based on its phonetics, to reduce it to writing. Even with these available it is said that a fluency can be acquired from prepared texts only by persons who are highly educated in English and who have made a lengthy study of spoken and written Navajo.

除了那些纳瓦霍族人，只有为数不多的人会说这种语言。在美国海军陆战队将纳瓦霍语作为他们的声音密码之前曾做过一次评估。评估显示只有不超过28个非纳瓦霍人能熟练的使用这种语言，其中大部分是美国科学家和常年和纳瓦霍族人生活的一起的传教士。直到近些年，传教士们和美国内务部印第安事务处才开始根据纳瓦霍语的发音给纳瓦霍语修订词典和语法规则。如果获得成功将使纳瓦霍语可以书写。即便人们为传播纳瓦霍语作了以上工作，据说也只有那些精通英语并且接受过长期针对纳瓦霍语的读写训练的人才能将解读有纳瓦霍语写成的文章。

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One of the reasons which prompted the Marine Corps to adopt Navajo, in preference to a variety of Indian tongues as used by the AEF in the last war, was a report that Navajos were the only Indian group in the United States not infested with German students during the 20 years prior to 1941, when the Germans had been studying tribal dialects under the guise of art students, anthropologists, etc. It was learned that German and other foreign diplomats were among the chief customers of the Bureau of Indian Affairs for the purchase of publications dealing with Indian tribes, but it was decided that even if Navajo books were in enemy hands it would be virtually impossible for the enemy to gain a working knowledge of the language from that meager information. In addition, even ability to speak Navajo fluently would not necessarily enable the enemy to decode a military message, for the Navajo dictionary does not list military terms, and words used for "jeep," "emplacement," "battery," "radar," "antiaircraft," etc., have been improvised by Navajos in the field.

在一战中，美国远征军就曾使用印第安土著的语言作为军用密码。美国海军陆战队舍弃其他那些曾使用过的印第安土著语密码而采用纳瓦霍语作为他们的密码的原因之一就是，纳瓦霍部落是一战结束20年以来美国境内唯一一个没有大规模接待德国留学生来访的印第安部落。当时，德国人以艺术和人类学科考等名义从事印第安方言的研究。据说来自德国和其他国家的外交官是从内务部印第安事务处购买关于印第安部落出版物的主要客户，但是美方确信即使敌人掌握了这些关于纳瓦霍部落的书籍也无法从那样海量的信息里获得任何关于纳瓦霍语的奥秘。此外，即使能够流利的使用纳瓦霍语也不一定就能破译军事信息，因为纳瓦霍语的词汇里根本就没有和军事术语有关的词汇,也没有代表诸如吉普,炮台,电池,雷达和防空这样才被发明出来的武器装备的词汇。

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The adoption of code talkers by the Marine Corps stemmed from a request for Navajo communicators by Maj. Gen. Clayton B. Vogel, then Commanding General, Amphibious Corps, Pacific Fleet. A report submitted with his request said a Navajo enlistment program would have full support of the Tribal Council at Window Rock, Arizona, Navajo Reservation.

海军陆战队采纳纳瓦霍语密码是由于当时的太平洋舰队两栖作战部队指挥官Clayton B. Vogel准将的一个建议。他提交的报告中声称招募纳瓦霍新兵的计划将会得到纳瓦霍保留地内部落长老会议的支持。

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Acting on this request the Marine Corps' Division of Plans and Policies in March 1942 sent Col. Wethered Woodworth to make a further report on the subject, and a test was made at the San Diego, Calif., Marine Base to determine the practicality of Navajos as code talkers.

作为对此要求的回应，美国海军陆战队培训计划及政策科的Wethered Woodworth上校于1942年3月被派去做进一步的调查。在位于加利福尼亚周圣迭戈市的海军基地里，进行了旨在测定纳瓦霍语作为口语密码的可行性。

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The test revealed that the Navajos who volunteered for the experiment could transmit the messages given, although with some variation at the receiving end resulting from the lack of exact words to transmit specific military terms. For example, "Enemy is pressing attack on left flank" would come out "the enemy is attacking on the left."

测试显示那些志愿前来的纳瓦霍人可以完成传递信息的任务，但是因为纳瓦霍语中缺乏表示军用术语的词汇，传送的信息会被稍微改变它的意思。例如，“敌人正在左翼加强了他们的攻势”会变成“敌人正在左翼展开进攻”。

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Proper schooling in military phraseology, it was believed, could correct this variation, and the following month the Marine Corps authorized an initial enlistment of 30 Navajos to ascertain the value of their services.

经过一定的军事用语的培训以后，海军陆战队相信他们已经能克服此种失真。在随后的几个月里，陆战队被授权招募第一批30名纳瓦霍通信兵，用以证明他们确实可以胜任。

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The enlistment order required that recruits meet full Marine Corps physical requirements and have a sufficient knowledge of English and Navajo to transmit combat messages in Navajo. The recruits were to receive regular Marine training, attend a Navajo school at the Fleet Marine Force Training Center, Camp Elliott, Calif., and then receive sufficient communications training to enable them to handle their specially qualified talent on the battlefield.

征兵令中要求纳瓦霍新兵能通过海军陆战队的体检，并有足够的英语和纳瓦霍语知识以完成用纳瓦霍语传送战斗命令的任务。这些新兵将在加利福尼亚的“埃里奥特营”海军训练中心的一所纳瓦霍学校里接收常规的陆战队训练，然后他们将接受大量的通讯训练以保证他们在战场上能充分发挥纳瓦霍语的作用。

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All the recruits spoke the same Navajo basically, but there were certain word variations. In Navajo, the same word spoken with four different inflections has four different meanings. The recruits had to agree on words which had no shades of interpretation, for any variation in an important military messages might be disastrous. As might be expected in any group of youths, they were not equal in education or intelligence. Some of the military terms were very complex to the unschooled; all had to be able to understand them thoroughly in order to translate them into their native language. Some were not easily adaptable to communications work. It was difficult in several instances for non-Navajos to instruct the recruits in Marine Corps activities; a few marine instructors were unable to cope with the typical Indian imperturbability.

所有这些纳瓦霍族新兵说着几乎同样的纳瓦霍语，但在某些特定的词汇上也有所不同。在纳瓦霍语中，同一个音用不同的四个声调说出来就代表了不同的意思。这些新兵无法通过书写和口译的方式就这些词达成共识，而任一个这些代表军事用语的词产生误读就会造成巨大的损失。他们之间在学历和智力方面存在相当的差距，就像每一组新兵都会发生的那样。某些军事用语可能十分复杂生僻，但他们中的每一个都必须能准确的理解一边将这些词汇翻译成纳瓦霍土著语。其中一些词语在通讯时很难作变通的处理。某些新兵接收的教育不足，非纳瓦霍人很难和这些纳瓦霍新兵沟通，有时候海军的某些命令甚至无法用传统印第安方言对他们传达。

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On the other hand, many of the recruits were well-educated, intelligent and quick to learn. A number had worked for the Bureau of Indian Affairs as clerks, and almost all the Navajos had the highly developed Indian sensory perceptions.

另一方面，他们中的大部分受过良好的教育，并且十分聪明一学就会。一些人曾在印第安事务署就职。几乎所有的人对事物都有着印第安人的下意识反应。

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There were some recruits like PFC Wilsie H. Bitsie, whose father is district supervisor of the Mexican Springs, N. Mex., Navajo District. Bitsie became an instructor in the Navajo School at Camp Elliott for a time, and helped work out the much needed military terms. He went on to join the marine Raiders and at New Georgia his Navajo ability helped the Raiders maintain contact with the Army command at Munda while the marines knocked out Japanese outposts in the jungle to the north.

一等兵Wilsie H. Bitsie就是这么一个受过良好教育的纳瓦霍人。他的父亲是新墨西哥州Mexican Springs纳瓦霍保留地的行政主管。Bitsie在埃里奥特营的纳瓦霍学校里当了一段时间讲师，并参与创立了急需的纳瓦霍语军事词汇。裁后他参加了海军攻击部队。在新乔治亚群岛的海军陆战队攻击北方丛林里的日均前哨部队时，就是通过他与在蒙达的指挥部保持联系。

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Other code talkers went with the Third Marine Division and the Raiders to Bougainville. There some manned distant outposts, maintaining contact in Navajo by radio. It was found best to have close friends work together in teams of two, for they could perfect their code talk by personal contact.

其他纳瓦霍通信兵跟随海军陆战队第三师前往布干维尔岛。在那里他们中的一些加入了侦察部队，用纳瓦霍语通过无线电相互联系。后来他们发现最好是两个人分成一组进行侦察，因为这样他们可以相互练习使用纳瓦霍语密码联系。

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The men in their units learned that in addition to their language ability the Navajos also could be good marines. They could do their share of fighting and they made good scouts and messengers.

慢慢的，他们的战友发现除了作为通信兵，他们还能胜任其他战斗任务。他们有着极佳的格斗技巧，并且是很好的侦察员和传令兵。

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There had been concern in some quarters that dark-skinned Navajos might be mistaken for Japs. In the latter days of the Guadalcanal action one Army unit did pick up a Navajo communicator on the coastal road and messaged the marine command: "We have captured a Jap in marine clothing with marine identification tags." A marine officer was startled to find the prisoner was a Navajo, who was only bored by the proceedings.

此外还有记载表明黄皮肤的纳瓦霍人甚至被误认为是日本人。在瓜达卡那儿战役中，一支美军部队抓获了一名纳瓦霍通信兵并报告指挥部说：“我们已抓获了一兵身传陆战队制服，佩有军籍号码牌的日本兵。”但海军陆战队的官员最后发现这只是一名对战争感到厌烦的纳瓦霍士兵。


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The code talkers went on into more campaigns, proving their ability, and the Navajo quota in the Marine Corps rose from 30 to 420. At their TBXs they transmitted operational orders which helped us advance from the Solomons to Okinawa.

这些纳瓦霍族通信兵此后参与了更多的战役，运用他们的语言为军队服务。军中纳瓦霍族人的数量也从30人增加到了420人。他们对作战命令准确地传达帮助美国赢得了从所罗门群岛战役到冲绳战役的一系列胜利。

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It was found that the Navajos are not necessary at levels lower than battalions. For messages between battalions and companies the extra security is not required and speed is the paramount issue.

但是在保密要求等级不高情况下，使用纳瓦霍语就不是那么必要。在连一级的通讯中，对于速度的要求要远高于安全性。

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The III Amphibious Corps reported that the use of the talkers during the Guam and Peleliu operations "was considered indispensable for the rapid transmission of classified dispatches. Enciphering and deciphering time would have prevented vital operational information from being dispatched or delivered to staff sections with any degree of speed."

第三两栖作战军报告形容在关岛和贝利流岛的战斗中使用纳瓦霍语密码为“（纳瓦霍语）被认为是传送机密急件的首选方式。加密和解密的速度是他们认为所有传送重要情报的方法中最快的。”

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At Iwo Jima, Navajos transmitted messages from the beach to division and Corps commands afloat early on D-day, and after the division commands came ashore, from division ashore to Corps afloat.

在硫磺岛，那瓦霍语被用于已登陆部队和后方指挥部的通信联络。

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Last April authority was granted to establish a re-training course for Navajos at FMFPac. Under this plan, five code talkers are taken from each division to attend an intensive 21-day course which gives emphasis to plane types, ship types, printing and message writing, and message transmission. These Navajos then return to their divisions to instruct the remaining men. It is emphasized that code talkers work out successfully only where interest is shown by the command and where training continues between operations.

1945年4月，权威部门在太平洋舰队陆战队举办了纳瓦霍语密码的培训课程。按照此课程计划，从每个陆战师中选出共5名学员，他们将经历为期5天的强化训练。课程内容侧重于在飞机和舰船实地模式的训练，密文的打印和书写及传送。这5个人后来回到各自的师里向剩下的人教授这些内容。需要着重指出的是，那瓦霍语的成功和指挥部的支持以及持续的培训是分不开的。

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As for the Navajos themselves, they probably are not any more enthusiastic about the concentrated schooling than most young marines would be about schooling, for they are amused at being regarded as different from other marines.

那些纳瓦霍通讯兵本身对于这样的培训课程则是没有任何好感的，就像普通年轻人不喜欢上学一样。因为他们不喜欢自己看起来和普通士兵有什么不同。

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On rare occasions, though, they do lapse into some typical Indian gyrations. Ernie Pyle, in one of his last dispatches from Okinawa, described how the First Division's Navajos had put on a ceremonial dance before leaving for Okinawa. In the ceremony, they asked the gods to sap the strength of the Japanese in the assault.

有些场合下，这些纳瓦霍士兵也会表现得和普通印第安人一样，也作出让人忍俊不禁得事。Ernie Pyle，在他从冲绳送出的最后一封信件中描述了陆战第一师开赴冲绳前举办的一次酒会。这这次酒会，那瓦霍通信兵祈求上天让日本人的抵抗衰弱下去。

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According to a later report, when the First Division met the strong opposition in the south of Okinawa, one marine turned to a Navajo code talker and said,
"O.K., Yazzey, what about your little ceremony? What do you call this?"
"This is different," answered the Navajo with a smile. "We prayed only for an easy landing."

随后的一份报告显示，陆战第一师在冲绳南部遭到了日军的顽强抵抗。一名士兵对纳瓦霍通信兵说道：“好吧。看看你们的仪式带来什么？你对此作何感想？”
“我想你误会了，我们只是祈祷能安全登陆。”他说到。