FM09战术理论和框架之逼抢篇

qianliuliu

逼抢可以理解为一个球员会多快、多远地离开他的本职防守位置以对付进攻威胁。如果全队都设置过高，球员会满场地追逐对方进而导致防守体系的瓦解，并且会在比赛最后阶段引起大量的疲劳和防守错误。如果设置过低，就会看到球员不断地后退后退再后退，在危险区域给对方充足的时间和空间进行传球和射门。

      一般地，逼抢和球员的位置结合起来才能发挥最大的作用。前锋处于最前方，所以需要比防守队员更积极地逼抢。中场球员位于前锋和后卫之间。基于这点，最好是以守门员和中后卫为基础，逐渐增加逼抢的幅度。对于水平较低、条件较差、纪律性差的球员，你应该使用较低的逼抢幅度；对于高水平、勤奋、纪律严明的球队，你应该使用较高的逼抢幅度。

       以中后卫的心态为基本（设为x），逼抢应该大致符合以下范围：
•   守门员/中卫：x
•   边后卫：x+1到x+4
•   后腰/防守型中场：x+2到x+6
•   中场/前腰/边锋：x+3到x+8
•   前锋：x+4到x+10


      正如上文所强调的，当为你的球队选择了正确的逼抢设置后，判断球队的逼抢指令是否适合你的球员（结合体能、战术纪律和技术等方面）非常重要。一个关键的指标就是——如果你的球员像无头苍蝇一样乱跑，比赛结束时消耗了大半的体力，那就是设置得过高了。对在低级联赛中使用高压迫战术的球队，这是相当普遍的现象。如果注意到你的球员（无论是个人还是整体）的逼抢程度破坏了阵型，就应该减少逼抢直到你满意为止。或者，你应该在一些轻松的比赛中使用更加收敛的战术，保存球员的体力。如果看到对方在你的后防线面前有足够的时间和空间接应直塞球，从容地远射，那么逼抢就设得太低了。

     区别不同足球文化中不同的逼抢方式也很重要。在炎热的国家，应更注重保存体力而不是紧压；与此相反，寒冷的国家普遍采用较高程度的逼抢。


原文如下：
引用:
Tactical Theorems & Frameworks ‘09: Closing Down   by wwfan
Closingdown translates as how quickly and how far a player will leave hisdefensive position to deal with an attacking threat.  Setting it toohigh throughout the team will lead to defensive structuredisintegrating as players chase their opponents all over the pitch.  Itwill also result in a lot of tired legs and defensive errors during thelatter stages of a match.  Setting it too low will see players backingoff and backing off, allowing the opposition time and space to makethrough passes and set up for shots in dangerous positions.

Generally,closing down will work best if players perform it in relation to theirposition.  Forwards are positioned high up the pitch, so need to closedown more aggressively than their defensive counter-parts.  Midfielderswill be somewhere between the two.  With this in mind, it is advisableto use your goalkeeper and central defensive pairing as a base andgrade upwards from there.  For lower level, poorly conditioned andill-disciplined squads you should veer towards the lower end of theclosing down spectrum.   For quality, hard working, fit and disciplinedsides, you should veer towards maximum settings.

Using the DC’s mentality as a base (x), closing down should roughly conform to the following minimum to maximum settings:

•    GK/DC: x
•    FB/WB: x + 1 to x + 4
•    DMC/MCd: x + 2 to x + 6
•    MCa/AMC/Wingers: x + 3 to x + 8
•    FCs: x + 4 to x + 10

Ashighlighted above, when choosing the correct settings for your team, itis important to recognise whether the closing down structure is tooaggressive for the type of football your players, in terms of fitness,tactical discipline and technique, are capable of playing.  A keyindicator that closing down is too high is seeing your players runningaround like headless chickens and finishing games in a state ofsemi-exhaustion.  This is likely to be quite common for high pressingtactics in lower level football.  If you notice your players, eitherindividually or as a unit, closing down to the extent that yourdefensive formation shape suffers, reduce individual closing downsettings until you are happy with performance.  Alternatively, youmight decide to play a more cautious game or conserve player energy ineasy matches, which will also require the reduction of closingdown.  The indicator that you have gone too low is seeing theopposition having time and space in front of the back line to picktheir through balls and compose themselves to make consistentlyeffective long range shots.

It is also important to recognisethe distinct closing down patterns in different footballing cultures,with sides from hotter countries more focused on conserving energy thanpressing the opposition at pace.  In contrast, colder countriesgenerally employ far higher levels of closing down.

tanta2214

个人觉得，DC的心态应该和GK持平，DC逼抢太紧容易失位，其他位置的失位，都可以由DC去补，DC失位，就没人可补了

jjoohhnn13

现实中前锋的拼抢范围并没有那么积极
个人感觉,以GK心态X为基楚
GK- DC  X
DC- DL/R X+2
DL/R - DMC X+1
DMC - MC X+1 or 2
MC - AMC/LR X+1 or 2
AMC - FC X+1

其实这也是我的心态设置，拼抢数值等于心态或高于心态1，使阵形衔接更加今凑，减少对手可以利用的空档