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最初由 bash 发表
[B]It really depends on which version of tales(or stories) you wanna believe.
Here is the explanation of excalibur in English version wikipedia.org:
"Excalibur is the mythical sword of King Arthur, s... [/B]
谢谢你的补充,**glomp**网上对excalibur和sword in the stone究竟是不是一把剑现在还存在着争议,观点有分歧。我不是研究古典文学的,对英伦的古代传说也不太了解,这里只是引用了下目前比较主流的看法(也就是认为excalibur是king authur从湖之女神那里得到的)(不过想想把这点话题作为游戏外的思考和挖掘,也是一件很有意义的工作呢)bash如果对这方面比较了解的话,欢迎多多发表你的看法:D~~也欢迎转载一些比较有价值的资料lol不过作为翻译的话我认为最好还是不用采用模棱两可的译法,王者之剑是最合适译名了,毕竟这两者都是皇室血统的证明,是亚瑟王室王权的象征。
rochester大学图书馆的一点资料
EXCALIBUR AND THE SWORD IN THE STONE
The Sword in the Stone, sometimes a sword in an anvil, is drawn by Arthur as proof of his birthright and of his nobility. It is both a test and a miraculous sign of his royalty. The sword drawn from the stone is different from the one given to Arthur by the Lady of the Lake. The latter is always referred to as Excalibur; the former is called by that name only once, when Arthur draws the sword at a crucial moment in the first battle to test his sovereignty (Vinaver I, 19): "thenne he drewe his swerd Excalibur, but it was so breyght in his enemyes eyen that it gaf light lyke thirty torchys."
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Excalibur: the Sword in the Stone?
Two swords are presented in the Arthurian Legends: Excalibur (also called Caliburn) and the Sword in the Stone. Sometimes people think it's one and the same, but more and more it is believed that they are not.
The Sword in the Stone
The story of the Sword in the Stone is a story about Arthur's claim to the throne of Britain. According to legend, the Sword was Uther's sword, the sword of the High King of Britain. After Uther's death there is no known heir and the barons are fighting among each other who is to be the next High King of Britain.
Merlin, who was Uther counselor, has the sollution: he takes Uther's sword and with his magic, he runs it into a rock. The onw man who is able to draw the sword from the stone again will be the rightfull heir. Many have tried: Lot, Uriens, even Leodegrance and many more, but no one was able to draw the sword.
Until one day Sir Ector and his sons Kay and Arthur (not knowing he is not Ector's real son but fostered by him) come to the place where the sword is captured in the rock, they come for a tournament. Arthur, being squirl to Ector and Kay, has to get Kay a new sword for his one is broken. He passes the rock and draws the sword, which he brings to Ector and Kay. Next, confusion is great, for how could this boy draw the sword from the stone.
Then Merlin makes his entrance again and declares that Arthur is Uther's son. To proof that he places the sword back in the stone and dares anyone to draw it. Again no one succeeds, but Arthur. And so he became High King of Britain at a very young age.
Excalibur
Excalibur is the sword Arthur receives from the Lady of the Lake. She sometimes is a mythical figure - an ancient Welsh goddess of water, and sometimes she's referred to as a highpriestess of Avalon. In both cases she a Lady with great power.
Her giving the sword of magic (presumebly made by an elven smith) is her acceptance as Arthur as protector of Britain. The sword and scabbard are enchanted: the scabbard protects the owner from being mortily wounded and the sword is supposed to be unbreakable.
Names for Excalibur
The emythology of the name is some what confusing for it is also said that the Welsh name for Excalibur was Caladvwlch, equating linguistically with Irish Caladbolg, the name of a sword borne by heroes in Irish legend, derived from CALAD (hard) and BOLG (lightning). It goes with a story in which the sword is struck by lighting just as the (elven) smith takes it out of the water after its final heating.
Caladbolg is also known as the sword of the Welsh legend Cu Chullain (see 'Morrigan' and 'Celtic literature' in the celtic section). Caliburn is also supposed to be the old Welsh name for the sword, which was later transformed to 'Excalibur' by French poets like Chretien de Troyes. It is supposed to mean 'Cuts steal'.
Two different names and different meanings to one and the same sword, or is it?
圣剑Excalibur≠石中剑……
作者:肥龙在天
在中世纪欧洲的传说中,相信大家最熟悉的就是圆桌骑士团和率领其纵横不列颠的亚瑟王了……
亚瑟所拥有的圣剑就是Excalibur,它象征英雄之力,是王中之王的武器,代表了支配与破坏……
而Excalibur的由来,据马洛礼的长篇传奇《亚瑟王之死》记载,亚瑟在战斗中折断了佩剑,在魔灵(又译魔法师梅林)的引导下,来到一个湖畔,湖中仙女手握一把宝剑并将其举出水面。于是亚瑟获赠此剑――即Excalibur,又名Cut Steel(截钢剑)。从此,亚瑟利用这宿寄有精灵之力的神器所向披靡……直到卡姆兰之战后,此剑又送回湖中……亚瑟的时代也宣告结束,Excalibur永远消失在静谧的湖水深处……
同样,在《亚瑟王之死》中,也出现了石中剑(The sword in the stone),而且不只一次(一把):
①亚瑟还没有称王时。因为他的身分是国王的私生子,从小寄养在别的骑士家。老国王死后,对继承者的事,众骑士闹的不可开交。最终,出现了一柄插在石头上的剑。谁能将之拔出,就众望所归,奉之为王……最后当然是亚瑟轻易的拔出石中剑,开始他传奇的一生…………
②拥有者贝林。亚瑟成为王之后,某日,赠送Excalibur给亚瑟的湖中仙女来到王宫,手中一柄插在石头中的剑,说只有勇者擦能拔出。最后是羁押在监牢中的贝林拔出石中剑,并且就地斩杀了那位湖中仙女,为自己的父母报仇。
贝林逃出王宫,期望能生擒当时与亚瑟王敌对一个王,从而获得亚瑟的宽恕。但是,他的面前出现了因为宫廷耻辱追杀而来的爱尔兰王子蓝索尔。只一个回合,石中剑就切开了蓝索尔的铠甲……这时,一位年轻女子骑马赶来,却看见自己的爱人已经死在石中剑下。她拥着蓝索尔的尸体对贝林说:“你的剑杀死了拥有一个灵魂的两个身体,你杀死的实际上是一个人。”于是,用石中剑自刎而死……(靠~今天什么日子啊-_-)
贝林后来生擒了敌对的王,风光无限,被称为“双剑骑士”。但最后石中剑的诅咒也注定了他悲剧的结局。在经过某座城时,由于风俗,他必须和守城骑士交战。而贝林放弃了自己陈旧的盾牌,借了别人的。最后和守城骑士――他的弟弟,勇猛的贝蓝死战,两个人互斗而死。石中剑不知所终……
③拥有者是最优秀的骑士加拉哈德。王宫附近的一条河流漂下一块插有长剑的岩石,岩石上写着“这柄剑属于世界上最优秀的骑士,除了他,无人能将之拔出”最后加拉哈德轻易拔出石中剑。同时,圣杯和滴血的圣枪出现在圆桌骑士面前。于是,圆桌骑士寻找圣杯的旅程开始了。……加拉哈德找到了圣杯,饮尽杯中酒,化为神圣的存在升往天国……
注:以上均典出马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》。若有记忆错误,请原谅啊^o^
因此,可以知道石中剑≠圣剑Excalibur
当然,这也是我看了那本书后的一家之言,有兴趣的人可以看看那本书
――――奇难看,好厚啊^o^ |
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